Laser surgery has transformed modern ophthalmology, offering patients precise, minimally invasive treatments with shorter recovery times. Procedures such as LASIK, glaucoma treatment, and retinal repair now rely heavily on laser technology. While these advances in laser eye surgery have improved outcomes, eye safety remains the most important priority. Without proper precautions, the same technology that restores vision can also cause harm.
A medical laser produces a concentrated beam of light capable of cutting, reshaping, or vaporizing tissue. This precision is what makes it effective for delicate eye procedures. However, the potential for injury is significant. Even brief, accidental exposure can damage the retina or cornea, sometimes permanently. To prevent this, strict protocols guide every stage of laser surgery, from patient preparation to post-operative care 1,2.
Before a procedure begins, patients are carefully evaluated to confirm they are suitable candidates. Once in the operating room, the eyes are stabilized to prevent blinking or sudden movement. Instruments are used to hold the eyelids open, and the surgeon calibrates the laser to ensure that its energy and focus match the treatment plan. Patients are instructed to remain still, and in some cases, mild sedatives are given to minimize involuntary motion. These precautions greatly reduce the risk of accidental exposure and ensure that the laser targets only the intended tissue 3–5.
Eye safety measures extend to the surgical team performing the laser surgery as well. Lasers can injure anyone in the room if the light beam is misdirected or reflected. For this reason, all staff wear protective goggles designed to block the specific wavelength of the laser in use. Operating rooms are equipped with clear warning systems that indicate when a laser is active, preventing unprotected personnel from entering. In addition, surgeons, nurses, and technicians receive regular training in laser safety so they can respond quickly to equipment malfunctions or other emergencies 6–8.
To ensure a safe environment, hospitals and clinics must follow regulations established by organizations such as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). These standards require proper equipment maintenance, safety checks, protective gear, and operating procedures. Compliance with these rules not only protects patients and staff but also maintains trust in the use of laser technology in medicine 9,10.
Eye safety does not end when the procedure is complete. Patients are given detailed aftercare instructions, which may include using prescribed eye drops, protecting their eyes from dust or strong light, and avoiding rubbing or straining the eyes. Adhering to these directions helps prevent infection, supports healing, and ensures the best possible outcome from the surgery. Ignoring aftercare guidance, by contrast, can result in complications that compromise the benefits of the procedure 11–13.
Laser surgery represents one of the most significant advances in modern eye care. Its success, however, depends on careful attention to safety. With proper protocols in place, patients can experience the life-changing benefits of laser eye surgery with confidence in the safety of the procedure.
References
1. Laser eye surgery and lens surgery. nhs.uk https://www.nhs.uk/tests-and-treatments/laser-eye-surgery-and-lens-surgery/ (2022).
2. LASIK eye surgery – Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/lasik-eye-surgery/about/pac-20384774.
3. Mills, D. How Your Eye Doctor Keeps You Safe During LASIK. Missouri Eye Institute https://missourieye.com/blog/how-your-eye-doctor-keeps-you-safe-during-lasik/ (2022).
4. Kesty, K., Kesty, C., Benson, J., Kesty, K. & Kesty, C. Expert Consensus on Ocular Safety During Laser Procedures: A Practical Guide to Eye Safety by a Panel of Dermatologist Laser Surgeons and Ophthalmologists. J Cosmet Dermatol 24, e70339 (2025).
5. Laser eye surgery and lens surgery. nhs.uk https://www.nhs.uk/tests-and-treatments/laser-eye-surgery-and-lens-surgery/ (2022).
6. Smalley, P. J. Laser safety: Risks, hazards, and control measures. Laser Ther 20, 95–106 (2011).
7. Laser Safety Requirements | Perioperative Services. https://www.vumc.org/periop-services/laser-safety-requirements.
8. Laser Safety in Ophthalmology – EyeWiki. https://eyewiki.org/Laser_Safety_in_Ophthalmology.
9. American National Standards Institute. American National Standards Institute – ANSI https://www.ansi.org/.
10. Home | Occupational Safety and Health Administration. https://www.osha.gov/.
11. Post-Op Care Instructions – Laser Refractive Surgery | UCLA Health. https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/ophthalmology/laser-refractive-surgery/your-visit/postoperative-instructions.
12. Research, C. for B. E. and. What should I expect before, during, and after surgery? FDA https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/lasik/what-should-i-expect-during-and-after-surgery (2023).
13. After LASIK: What to expect on day 1 and beyond. https://www.uhc.com/news-articles/healthy-living/after-lasik-what-expect-day-week-month-beyond.